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  2. Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeletal_changes_due...

    Change in the shape of the hip may have led to the decrease in the degree of hip extension, an energy efficient adaptation. [1] [14] The ilium changed from a long and narrow shape to a short and broad one and the walls of the pelvis modernized to face laterally. These combined changes provide increased area for the gluteus muscles to attach ...

  3. Adaptation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation

    Structural adaptations are physical features of an organism, such as shape, body covering, armament, and internal organization. Behavioural adaptations are inherited systems of behaviour, whether inherited in detail as instincts, or as a neuropsychological capacity for learning. Examples include searching for food, mating, and vocalizations.

  4. Psychological adaptation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_adaptation

    A psychological adaptation seen universally in humans is to easily learn a fear of snakes. [1] A psychological adaptation is a functional, cognitive or behavioral trait that benefits an organism in its environment. Psychological adaptations fall under the scope of evolved psychological mechanisms (EPMs), [2] however, EPMs refer to a less ...

  5. Development of the human body - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_human_body

    Physical growth—height and weight—accelerates in the first half of puberty and is completed when an adult body has been developed. Until the maturation of their reproductive capabilities, the pre-pubertal physical differences between boys and girls are the external sex organs.

  6. Evolutionary psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology

    Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in psychology that examines cognition and behavior from a modern evolutionary perspective. [1] [2] It seeks to identify human psychological adaptations with regards to the ancestral problems they evolved to solve.

  7. Behavioral ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_ecology

    Behavioral ecology, also spelled behavioural ecology, is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behaviors: What are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of a behavior?

  8. Cold and heat adaptations in humans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_and_heat_adaptations...

    Origins of heat and cold adaptations can be explained by climatic adaptation. [16] [17] Ambient air temperature affects how much energy investment the human body must make. The temperature that requires the least amount of energy investment is 21 °C (70 °F). [5] [disputed – discuss] The body controls its temperature through the hypothalamus.

  9. High-altitude adaptation in humans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-altitude_adaptation...

    This adaptation means irreversible, long-term physiological responses to high-altitude environments associated with heritable behavioral and genetic changes. While the rest of the human population would suffer serious health consequences at high altitudes, the indigenous inhabitants of these regions thrive in the highest parts of the world.