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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 29 January 2025. Inhabited space station in low Earth orbit (1998–present) "ISS" redirects here. For other uses, see ISS (disambiguation). International Space Station (ISS) Oblique underside view in November 2021 International Space Station programme emblem with flags of the original signatory states ...
International Space Station in 2011, as seen from STS-134. Origins of the International Space Station covers the origins of ISS. The International Space Station programme represents a combination of three national space station projects: the Russian/Soviet Mir-2, NASA's Space Station Freedom including the Japanese KibÅ laboratory, and the European Columbus space stations.
The process of assembling the International Space Station (ISS) has been under way since the 1990s. Zarya , the first ISS module, was launched by a Proton rocket on 20 November 1998. The STS-88 Space Shuttle mission followed two weeks after Zarya was launched, bringing Unity , the first of three node modules, and connecting it to Zarya .
The highest number of people at the same time on one space station has been 13, first achieved with the eleven day docking to the ISS of the 127th Space Shuttle mission in 2009. The record for most people on all space stations at the same time has been 17, first on May 30, 2023, with 11 people on the ISS and 6 on the TSS. [2]
The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the fifteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilisation, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station.
The project began as Space Station Freedom, a US only effort, but was long delayed by funding and technical problems.Following the initial 1980's authorization (with an intended ten year construction period) by Ronald Reagan, the Station Freedom concept was designed and renamed in the 1990s to reduce costs and expand international involvement.
Recent space exploration has proceeded, to some extent in worldwide cooperation, the high point of which was the construction and operation of the International Space Station (ISS). At the same time, the international space race between smaller space powers since the end of the 20th century can be considered the foundation and expansion of ...
First commander of the ISS and also first American commander of the ISS. Expedition 2: Yury Usachev [7] 19 March 2001 [7] 18 August 2001 [8] First Russian commander of ISS. Expedition 3: Frank Culbertson [8] 18 August 2001 [8] 13 December 2001 [9] Only American onboard ISS during September 11 attacks. [10] Expedition 4: Yury Onufrienko [9] 13 ...