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Ascorbic acid is easily oxidized and so is used as a reductant in photographic developer solutions (among others) and as a preservative. [citation needed] In fluorescence microscopy and related fluorescence-based techniques, ascorbic acid can be used as an antioxidant to increase fluorescent signal and chemically retard dye photobleaching. [29]
Ascorbic acid efflux by embryos of dicot plants is a well-established mechanism of iron reduction and a step obligatory for iron uptake. [a] All plants synthesize ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid functions as a cofactor for enzymes involved in photosynthesis, synthesis of plant hormones, as an antioxidant and regenerator of other antioxidants. [96]
The Reichstein process in chemistry is a combined chemical and microbial method for the production of ascorbic acid from D-glucose that takes place in several steps. [1] This process was devised by Nobel Prize winner Tadeusz Reichstein and his colleagues in 1933 while working in the laboratory of the ETH in Zürich.
DD-X, HC-110, TMax developer, and PQ Universal developer are a few common film developers that use Dimezone as a developing agent. Dimezone is acutely toxic and an irritant. Hydroquinone can also be toxic to the human operator as well as environment; some modern developers replace it with ascorbic acid, or vitamin C. This, however, suffers from ...
Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) is an oxidized form of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). It is actively imported into the endoplasmic reticulum of cells via glucose transporters. [ 1 ] It is trapped therein by reduction back to ascorbic acid by glutathione and other thiols . [ 2 ]
In chemistry, hydroxylation refers to the installation of a hydroxyl group (−OH) into an organic compound. Hydroxylations generate alcohols and phenols, which are very common functional groups. Hydroxylation confers some degree of water-solubility. Hydroxylation of a hydrocarbon is an oxidation, thus a step in degradation.
L-gulonolactone oxidase (GULO) is an enzyme that helps catalyze the production of ascorbic acid aka vitamin C. Mammals such as humans and guinea pigs do not express this gene due to multiple mutations in a specific exon. [29] These mutations correlate to nucleotide substitution. [30]
Erythorbic acid is very easily produced by fermentation, being obtainable in just one step compared to ascorbic acid's two. A number of Penicillium naturally produce this chemical from glucose. This is the original process developed in the 1960s, but it has low volumetric efficiency and glucose yield compared to the modern method.