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Borrelia recurrentis is a species of Borrelia, a spirochaete bacterium associated with relapsing fever. [1] [2] B. recurrentis is usually transmitted from person to person by the human body louse. [3] Since the 1800s, the body louse has been known as its only known vector. [4]
Relapsing fever is a vector-borne disease caused by infection with certain bacteria in the genus Borrelia, [1] which is transmitted through the bites of lice, soft-bodied ticks (genus Ornithodoros), or hard-bodied ticks (Genus Ixodes).
It is one of the relapsing fever spirochaetes, which are globally distributed yet understudied agents of tick-borne relapsing fever. [2] The tick vector Ornithodoros turicata transmits B. turicatae, which causes relapsing fever, an arthropod-borne infection of humans and other mammals caused by different Borrelia species.
Borrelia miyamotoi is a bacterium of the spirochete phylum in the genus Borrelia.A zoonotic organism, B. miyamotoi can infect humans through the bite of several species of hard-shell Ixodes ticks, the same kind of ticks that spread B. burgdorferi, the causative bacterium of Lyme disease.
In mild-to-moderate babesiosis, the treatment of choice is a combination of atovaquone and azithromycin. This regimen is preferred to clindamycin and quinine because it has fewer side effects. The standard course is 7 to 10 days, but this is extended to at least 6 weeks in people with relapsing disease.
Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a tick-borne disease caused by species of Borrelia bacteria, transmitted by blood-feeding ticks in the genus Ixodes. [4] [9] [10] The most common sign of infection is an expanding red rash, known as erythema migrans (EM), which appears at the site of the tick bite about a week afterwards. [1]
Treatment: Antibiotics – amoxicillin in pregnant adults and children, doxycycline in other adults [30] Relapsing fever (tick-borne relapsing fever, different from Lyme disease due to different Borrelia species and ticks) Organisms: Borrelia species such as B. hermsii, B. parkeri, B. duttoni, B. miyamotoi; Vector: Ornithodoros species
The reaction is also seen in the other diseases caused by spirochetes: Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and leptospirosis. [4] There have been case reports of the Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction accompanying treatment of other infections, including Q fever, bartonellosis, brucellosis, trichinellosis, and African trypanosomiasis. [3]