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Reciprocal socialization "is a socialization process that is bidirectional; children socialize parents just as parents socialize children". [1] For example, the interaction of mothers and their infants is sometimes symbolized as a dance or dialogue in which following actions of the partners are closely coordinated.
Direct reciprocity was proposed by Robert Trivers as a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation. [1] If there are repeated encounters between the same two players in an evolutionary game in which each of them can choose either to "cooperate" or "defect", then a strategy of mutual cooperation may be favoured even if it pays each player, in the short term, to defect when the other cooperates.
The use of game theory in the social sciences has expanded, and game theory has been applied to political, sociological, and psychological behaviors as well. [ 67 ] Although pre-twentieth-century naturalists such as Charles Darwin made game-theoretic kinds of statements, the use of game-theoretic analysis in biology began with Ronald Fisher 's ...
This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as reciprocity bias, or the preference to reciprocate social actions. [2] Reciprocal actions differ from altruistic actions in that reciprocal actions tend to follow from others' initial actions, or occur in anticipation of a reciprocal action, while altruism, an interest in the welfare of others over ...
Two other games, trust game (also called investment game) and gift-exchange game provide evidence for reciprocal behavior. In the trust game, the first mover is endowed with a fixed amount c , and decides the amount of money b to pass on to the second mover.
Social exchange theory is a sociological and ... the prisoner's dilemma is a widely used example in game theory that attempts to ... Reciprocal exchanges and ...
The book details a theory on the emergence of cooperation between individuals, drawing from game theory and evolutionary biology. Since 2006, reprints of the book have included a foreword by Richard Dawkins and have been marketed as a revised edition.
Behavioral game theory seeks to examine how people's strategic decision-making behavior is shaped by social preferences, social utility and other psychological factors. [1] Behavioral game theory analyzes interactive strategic decisions and behavior using the methods of game theory , [ 2 ] experimental economics , and experimental psychology .