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The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM). Attached to the N-acetylmuramic acid is an oligopeptide chain made of three to five amino acids. The peptide chain can be cross-linked to the peptide chain of another strand forming the 3D mesh-like layer.
(NAM = N-acetylmuramic acid; NAG = N-acetylglucosamine) [2] Penicillin-binding proteins ( PBP s) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin . They are a normal constituent of many bacteria ; the name just reflects the way by which the protein was discovered.
Lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17, muramidase, N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase; systematic name peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase) is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system.
N-Acetylglutamic acid is an extracellular metabolite isolated from the prokaryote Rhizobium trifolii that was characterized using many structure determination techniques such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
N-Acetylmannosamine is a hexosamine monosaccharide.It is a neutral, stable naturally occurring compound. N-Acetylmannosamine is also known as N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine monohydrate, (which has the CAS Registry Number: 676347-48-1), N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine which can be abbreviated to ManNAc or, less commonly, NAM).
The published synthesis reveals a 1:1 diastereomeric mixture of the carbonyl reduction using zinc borohydride. However, years later Corey and co-workers established the CBS reduction. One of the examples that exemplified this protocol was an intermediate in the prostaglandin synthesis revealing a 9:1 mixture of the desired diastereomer (scheme 24).
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
There are three main methods for the preparation of nucleoside phosphoramidites. DMT = 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl; B = optionally protected nucleic base; R = phosphate protecting group The common method involves treatment of a protected nucleoside bearing a single free hydroxy group with phosphorodiamidite under the catalytic action of a weak acid.