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In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect or Kelvin–Joule effect) describes the temperature change of a real gas or liquid (as differentiated from an ideal gas) when it is expanding; typically caused by the pressure loss from flow through a valve or porous plug while keeping it insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment.
This temperature change is known as the Joule–Thomson effect, and is exploited in the liquefaction of gases. Inversion temperature depends on the nature of the gas. For a van der Waals gas we can calculate the enthalpy using statistical mechanics as
List of common dips; Paste – Food paste is a semi-liquid colloidal suspension, emulsion, or aggregation used in food preparation or eaten directly as a spread. [23] Pastes are often highly spicy or aromatic. List of food pastes; Spread – Foods that are literally spread, generally with a knife, onto bread, crackers, or other food products ...
Electronic cigarettes vaporize liquid by Joule heating. Some food processing equipment may make use of Joule heating: running a current through food material (which behave as an electrical resistor) causes heat release inside the food. [2] The alternating electrical current coupled with the resistance of the food causes the generation of heat. [3]
For real gasses, the molecules do interact via attraction or repulsion depending on temperature and pressure, and heating or cooling does occur. This is known as the Joule–Thomson effect. For reference, the Joule–Thomson coefficient μ JT for air at room temperature and sea level is 0.22 °C/bar. [7]
On 10 July 1908, he was the first to liquefy helium, using several precooling stages and the Hampson–Linde cycle based on the Joule–Thomson effect. This way he lowered the temperature to the boiling point of helium (−269 °C, 4.2 K). By reducing the pressure of the liquid helium he achieved a temperature near 1.5 K.
4. Kimchi and Sauerkraut for Gut Health. Fermented foods like kimchi and sauerkraut might not be the first things you associate with football, but these traditional cabbage dishes help give Eagle ...
The Joule–Thomson coefficient, = |, is of practical importance because the two end states of a throttling process (=) lie on a constant enthalpy curve. Although ideal gases, for which h = h ( T ) {\displaystyle h=h(T)} , do not change temperature in such a process, real gases do, and it is important in applications to know whether they heat ...