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In the frequency domain, the switching mixer operation leads to the usual sum and difference frequencies, but also to further terms e.g. ±3f LO, ±5f LO, etc. The advantage of a switching mixer is that it can achieve (with the same effort) a lower noise figure (NF) and larger conversion gain. This is because the switching diodes or transistors ...
In communications and electronic engineering, an intermediate frequency (IF) is a frequency to which a carrier wave is shifted as an intermediate step in transmission or reception. [1] The intermediate frequency is created by mixing the carrier signal with a local oscillator signal in a process called heterodyning , resulting in a signal at the ...
A simple mixer will pass both of the input frequencies and all of their harmonics along with the sum and difference frequencies. If the simple mixer is replaced with a balanced mixer then the number of possible products is reduced. If the frequency mixer has fewer outputs the task of making sure that the final output is clean will be simpler.
In electronics, a local oscillator (LO) is an electronic oscillator used with a mixer to change the frequency of a signal. This frequency conversion process, also called heterodyning, produces the sum and difference frequencies from the frequency of the local oscillator and frequency of the input signal. Processing a signal at a fixed frequency ...
Double-balanced mixers are very widely used in microwave communications, satellite communications, ultrahigh frequency (UHF) communications transmitters, radio receivers, and radar systems. Gilbert cell mixers are an arrangement of transistors that multiplies the two signals. Switching mixers use arrays of field-effect transistors or vacuum ...
The harmonic mixer and subharmonic mixer are a type of frequency mixer, which is a circuit that changes one signal frequency to another. The ordinary mixer has two input signals and one output signal. If the two input signals are sinewaves at frequencies f 1 and f 2, then the output signal consists of frequency components at the sum f 1 +f 2 ...
In electronics, the Gilbert cell is a type of frequency mixer. It produces output signals proportional to the product of two input signals. Such circuits are widely used for frequency conversion in radio systems. [1] The advantage of this circuit is the output current is an accurate multiplication of the (differential) base currents of both inputs.
Circuit symbol of a heptode. The development of the pentagrid or heptode (seven-electrode) valve was a novel development in the mixer story. The idea was to produce a single valve that not only mixed the oscillator signal and the received signal and produced its own oscillator signal at the same time but, importantly, did the mixing and the oscillating in different parts of the same valve.