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Red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is a storable oxidizer used as a rocket propellant. It consists of nitric acid (H N O 3), dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4) and a small amount of water. The color of red fuming nitric acid is due to the dinitrogen tetroxide, which breaks down partially to form nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide dissolves until the ...
It is advised to check the references for photos of reaction results. [1] Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2]
Due to the dissolved nitrogen dioxide, the density of red fuming nitric acid is lower at 1.490 g/cm 3. An inhibited fuming nitric acid, either white inhibited fuming nitric acid (IWFNA), or red inhibited fuming nitric acid (IRFNA), can be made by the addition of 0.6 to 0.7% hydrogen fluoride (HF).
Furfuryl alcohol + IRFNA (or red fuming nitric acid) – Copenhagen Suborbitals SPECTRA Engine [26] [5]: 27 Furfuryl alcohol + WFNA (or white fuming nitric acid) [5]: 27 Hydrazine + nitric acid (toxic but stable), abandoned due to lack of reliable ignition. No engine with this combination ever went into mass production.
As the mixture is an extremely strong oxidant, it can ignite combustibles upon contact. Upon decomposition it produce red fumes of nitrogen tetroxide and nitric acid. [1] [3] [4] [5] Some former-Soviet countries have large quantities. Ukraine, for example, had 16,000 tonnes, which the OSCE has helped process.
Both propellants are extremely dangerous individually: nitric acid is highly corrosive and releases toxic nitrogen dioxide during reactions, or even simply while exposed to air in its highly concentrated "red fuming" form, typically used as rocket propellant. UDMH is both toxic and corrosive.
Effervescence of a brown, pungent gas is observed which turns moist blue litmus paper red. Here sulfuric acid reacts with the nitrate ion to form nitric acid. Nitric acid then reacts with the copper turnings to form nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is thus oxidised to nitrogen dioxide. Cu + 4 HNO 3 → Cu(NO 3) 2 + 2 NO 2 +2 H 2 O
Nitric acid other than red fuming, with more than 70 percent nitric acid or Nitric acid other than red fuming, with not more than 70 percent nitric acid UN 2032: 8: Nitric acid, red fuming UN 2033: 8: Potassium monoxide: UN 2034: 2: Hydrogen and Methane mixtures, compressed UN 2035: 2: 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane, compressed or Refrigerant gas R 143a ...