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Red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is a storable oxidizer used as a rocket propellant. It consists of nitric acid (H N O 3), dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4) and a small amount of water. The color of red fuming nitric acid is due to the dinitrogen tetroxide, which breaks down partially to form nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide dissolves until the ...
[5]: 13 BMW developed engines burning a hypergolic mix of nitric acid with various combinations of amines, xylidines and anilines. [6] Hypergolic propellants were discovered independently, for the second time, in the U.S. by GALCIT and Navy Annapolis researchers in 1940. They developed engines powered by aniline and red fuming nitric acid (RFNA ...
Due to the dissolved nitrogen dioxide, the density of red fuming nitric acid is lower at 1.490 g/cm 3. An inhibited fuming nitric acid, either white inhibited fuming nitric acid (IWFNA), or red inhibited fuming nitric acid (IRFNA), can be made by the addition of 0.6 to 0.7% hydrogen fluoride (HF).
Upon mixing of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid, chemical reactions occur. These reactions result in the volatile products nitrosyl chloride and chlorine gas: HNO 3 + 3 HCl → NOCl + Cl 2 + 2 H 2 O. as evidenced by the fuming nature and characteristic yellow color of aqua regia.
It is advised to check the references for photos of reaction results. [1] Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2]
Both propellants are extremely dangerous individually: nitric acid is highly corrosive and releases toxic nitrogen dioxide during reactions, or even simply while exposed to air in its highly concentrated "red fuming" form, typically used as rocket propellant. UDMH is both toxic and corrosive.
UDMH is often used in hypergolic rocket fuels as a bipropellant in combination with the oxidizer nitrogen tetroxide and less frequently with IRFNA (inhibited red fuming nitric acid) or liquid oxygen. [12] UDMH is a derivative of hydrazine and is sometimes referred to as a hydrazine. As a fuel, it is described in specification MIL-PRF-25604 in ...
Mélange (Soviet name for Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid) is a liquid oxidant rocket propellant component that was "used during the Soviet era as one of two components to propel small and medium range missiles."