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Below is a comprehensive drill and tap size chart for all drills and taps: Inch, imperial, and metric, up to 36.5 millimetres (1.44 in) in diameter. In manufactured parts, holes with female screw threads are often needed; they accept male screws to facilitate the building and fastening of a finished assembly.
Because of the pipe wall thickness of Schedule pipe, the actual diameter of the NPT threads is larger than the Nominal Pipe Size diameter, and considerably so for small sizes. Pipe of a given size in a different Schedule than Schedule 40 provides a different wall thickness while maintaining the same outside diameter and thread profile as ...
where is the tap drill size, is the major diameter of the tap (e.g., 3 ⁄ 8 in for a 3 ⁄ 8-16 tap), and / is the thread pitch (1 ⁄ 16 inch in the case of a 3 ⁄ 8-16 tap). For a 3 ⁄ 8-16 tap, the above formula would produce 5 ⁄ 16, which is the correct tap drill diameter. The above formula ultimately results in an approximate 75% thread.
So a 1 / 2 in (12.7 mm) diameter drill will be able to drill a hole 4 + 1 / 2 in (114.3 mm) deep, since it is 9 times the diameter in length. A 1 / 8 in (3.175 mm) diameter drill can drill a hole 1 + 5 / 8 in (41.275 mm) deep, since it is 13 times the diameter in flute length. [3]
Because only 5 ⁄ 8 of this height is cut, the difference between major and minor diameters is 5 ⁄ 4 × 0.8660 × P = 1.0825 × P, so the tap drill size can be approximated by subtracting the thread pitch from the major diameter.
Drills come in standardized drill bit sizes. A comprehensive drill bit and tap size chart lists metric and imperial sized drills alongside the required screw tap sizes. There are also certain specialized drill bits that can create holes with a non-circular cross-section. [1]