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The middle of the nail has no extra features, which leaves the section most likely to be damaged during an earthquake thicker and less prone to damage. The area directly below the head of the nail features a spiral-style shank used to enhance the strength of the nail in holding boards together.
Ring shank: small directional rings on the shank to prevent the nail from working back out once driven in; common in drywall, flooring, and pole barn nails Shank : the body the length of the nail between the head and the point; may be smooth, or may have rings or spirals for greater holding power
Toenailing or skew-nailing is a viable, structurally sound method [1] of the driving of a nail at a roughly 30° [2] angle to fasten two pieces of wood together, typically with their grains perpendicular. The term comes colloquially from fastening wood at the bottom, or toe, of the board.
Wood screws are commonly available with flat, pan, or oval-heads. A wood screw generally has a partially unthreaded shank below the head. The unthreaded portion of the shank is designed to slide through the top board (closest to the screw head) so that it can be pulled tight to the board to which it is being attached.
Increased water content causes wood to expand, so that treenails gripped the planks tighter as they absorbed water. [11] However, when the treenail was a different wood species from the planking, it usually caused rot. Treenails and iron nails were most common until the 1780s when copper nails over copper sheathing became more popular. [3]
The earliest wooden rails were fixed to wooden sleepers by pegs through holes in the rail, or by nails. By the 18th century, cast iron rails had come into use, and also had holes in the rail itself to allow them to be fixed to a support.