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The Wason selection task (or four-card problem) is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966. [1] [2] [3] It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. [4] An example of the puzzle is: You are shown a set of four cards placed on a table, each of which has a number on one side and a color on the other. The ...
[3]: 198–199 Another heuristic is the positive test strategy identified by Klayman and Ha, in which people test a hypothesis by examining cases where they expect a property or event to occur. This heuristic avoids the difficult or impossible task of working out how diagnostic each possible question will be.
In 1960 Wason developed the first of many tasks he would devise to reveal the failures of human reasoning. The "2-4-6" task was the first experiment that showed people to be illogical and irrational. In this study, subjects were told that the experimenter had a rule in mind that only applied to sets of threes.
The Wason selection task provides evidence for the matching bias. [15] The test is designed as a measure of a person's logical thinking ability. [50] Performance on the Wason Selection Task is sensitive to the content and context with which it is presented. If you introduce a negative component into the conditional statement of the Wason ...
Another study by Marie Geurten sought to test the availability heuristic in young children. Children of varying ages (from 4 to 8 years old) were tasked with generating a list of names, with some being asked for a shorter list and some for a longer list. The study then assessed the children's own impressions of their ability to recall names.
English: Which card(s) must be turned over to test the idea that if you are drinking alcohol then you must be over 18? Shows 4 cards: ones labelled '16' and '25', a card with a soda and a card with a beer.
Those two statements could then lead to the conclusion that "This C is B". These types of syllogisms are used to test deductive reasoning to ensure there is a valid hypothesis. [29] A Syllogistic Reasoning Task was created from a study performed by Morsanyi, Kinga, Handley, and Simon that examined the intuitive contributions to reasoning.
The key with the Wason selection task is that we can re-phrase the task and ensure that nearly 100 % of the students get the question correct. In particular, you set up 4 tables at a bar: One where every body is old, one where everybody is young, one where no one is drinking alcohol, and one where there are lots of beers.