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Plastids function to store different components including starches, fats, and proteins. [9] All plastids are derived from proplastids, which are present in the meristematic regions of the plant. Proplastids and young chloroplasts typically divide by binary fission, but more mature chloroplasts also have this capacity.
[1] [2] Plastids perform a variety of functions such as metabolism of energy, and biological reactions. [2] [3] There are multiple types of plastids recognized including Leucoplasts, Chromoplasts, and Chloroplasts. [2] Plastids are broken up into different categories based on characteristics such as size, function and physical traits. [2]
Kleptoplasty is a process in symbiotic relationships whereby plastids, notably chloroplasts from algae, are sequestered by the host. The alga is eaten normally and partially digested, leaving the plastid intact. The plastids are maintained within the host, temporarily continuing photosynthesis and benefiting the host. [1]
Euglenids are currently regarded as a highly diverse clade within Euglenozoa, in the eukaryotic supergroup Discoba. [9] They are traditionally organized into three categories based on modes of nutrition: the phototrophs ( Euglenophyceae ), the osmotrophs (mainly the 'primary osmotrophs' known as Aphagea ), and the phagotrophs , from which the ...
The conversion of chloroplasts to chromoplasts in ripening is a classic example. They are generally found in mature tissues and are derived from preexisting mature plastids. Fruits and flowers are the most common structures for the biosynthesis of carotenoids, although other reactions occur there as well including the synthesis of sugars ...
Representative genera (examples) Description Discoba or JEH or Eozoa: Tsukubea: Tsukubamonas: Euglenozoa: Euglena, Trypanosoma: Many important parasites, one large group with plastids (chloroplasts) Heterolobosea (Percolozoa) Naegleria, Acrasis: Most alternate between flagellate and amoeboid forms Jakobea: Jakoba, Reclinomonas
Most plastids are photosynthetic, thus leading to color production and energy storage or production. There are many types of plastids in plants alone, but all plastids can be separated based on the number of times they have undergone endosymbiotic events. Currently there are three types of plastids; primary, secondary and tertiary.
A diagram showing the different types of plastid. Amyloplasts are thought to play a vital role in gravitropism.Statoliths, a specialized starch-accumulating amyloplast, are denser than cytoplasm, and are able to settle to the bottom of the gravity-sensing cell, called a statocyte. [5]
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