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1860 engraving depicting the performing horse Marocco. A significant portion of medieval technical literature consists of treatises on veterinary care. [S 11] Arab and Muslim scholars made notable contributions to the knowledge of equine medicine, education, [5] and training, in part due to the contributions of the translator Ibn Akhî Hizâm, who wrote around 895, [6] and Ibn al-Awam, who ...
Young horses show more investigative behavior, with more interactions on the test devices than older horses, which could give young horses an advantage in a learning context. [ S 63 ] [ S 64 ] In addition to age, a lower hierarchical rank also seems to be among the factors that promote learning, in particular thanks to reduced neophobia .
Free-roaming mustangs (Utah, 2005). Horse behavior is best understood from the view that horses are prey animals with a well-developed fight-or-flight response.Their first reaction to a threat is often to flee, although sometimes they stand their ground and defend themselves or their offspring in cases where flight is untenable, such as when a foal would be threatened.
A behavior exhibited in horses left for long periods in a stall, where they repetitively walk around the confines of the stall. [18] See also weave. brand, branding Marking a horse (or other animal) by burning the skin with a hot iron, or alternatively with a frozen implement (called freeze branding). The skin may be balded, or the hair may ...
Equine ethics is a field of ethical and philosophical inquiry focused on human interactions with horses. It seeks to examine and potentially reform practices that may be deemed unethical, encompassing various aspects such as breeding, care, usage (particularly in sports), and end-of-life considerations.
A horse cribbing on a wooden fence, note anti-cribbing collar intended to reduce this behavior and tension in neck muscles. Cribbing is a form of stereotypy (equine oral stereotypic behaviour), otherwise known as wind sucking or crib-biting.
The movement has led many people in the horse industry to question "traditional" practices and to look at learning theory and equitation science to better understand horse behavior. [ 20 ] Within the Natural Horsemanship movement, the phrases "traditional" or "traditional methods" generally refer to brutal methods of horse-breaking that trained ...
[16] [17] Stereotypies are well known in stabled horses, usually developing as a result of being confined, particularly with insufficient exercise. They are colloquially called stable vices . They present a management issue, not only leading to facility damage from chewing, kicking, and repetitive motion, but also lead to health consequences ...