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In pharmacology, GABA A receptor positive allosteric modulators, also known as GABAkines or GABA A receptor potentiators, [1] are positive allosteric modulator (PAM) molecules that increase the activity of the GABA A receptor protein in the vertebrate central nervous system. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
The glutamate/GABA–glutamine cycle is a metabolic pathway that describes the release of either glutamate or GABA from neurons which is then taken up into astrocytes (non-neuronal glial cells). In return, astrocytes release glutamine to be taken up into neurons for use as a precursor to the synthesis of either glutamate or GABA. [2]
The GABA receptors are a class of receptors that respond to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric ... Two separate genes on two chromosomes control GABA synthesis ...
[2] [3] [4] The pathway is a minor pathway in GABA synthesis compared to the main pathway in which GABA is synthesized from glutamate. [2] [3] [4] However, the pathway has been found to have an important physiological role in the brain, for instance in the production of GABA in the striatum and resultant inhibition of dopaminergic neurons in ...
The ionotropic GABA A receptor protein complex is also the molecular target of the benzodiazepine class of tranquilizer drugs. Benzodiazepines do not bind to the same receptor site on the protein complex as does the endogenous ligand GABA (whose binding site is located between α- and β-subunits), but bind to distinct benzodiazepine binding sites situated at the interface between the α- and ...
N-Acetylputrescine (NacPut), also known as monoacetylputrescine, is an endogenous metabolite of putrescine and a precursor and metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from putrescine.
Besides the synthesis of GABA, GAD has additional functions and structural variations that are organism-dependent. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GAD binds the Ca 2+ regulatory protein calmodulin (CaM) and is also involved in responding to oxidative stress. [48] Similarly, GAD in plants binds calmodulin as well. [49]
4-Aminobutanal, also known as γ-aminobutyraldehyde, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, or GABA aldehyde, is a metabolite of putrescine and a biological precursor of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can be converted into GABA by the actions of diamine oxidase (DAO) and aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (ABALDH) (e.g., ALDH9A1 ). [ 1 ]