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Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. [74] It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. [ 75 ]
Human ecology is the discipline that inquires into the patterns and process of interaction of humans with their environments. Human values, wealth, life-styles, resource use, and waste, etc. must affect and be affected by the physical and biotic environments along urban-rural gradients.
In geography and ecology, anthropization is the conversion of open spaces, landscapes, and natural environments by human action. [1] Anthropic erosion is the process of human action degrading terrain and soil. An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans.
Environmental epigenetics is a branch of epigenetics that studies the influence of external environmental factors on the gene expression of a developing embryo. [1] The way that genes are expressed may be passed down from parent to offspring through epigenetic modifications, although environmental influences do not alter the genome itself.
Environmental change is a change or disturbance of the environment most often caused by human influences and natural ecological processes. Environmental changes include various factors, such as natural disasters ,of human interferences, or animal interaction .
The first global efforts to address the environmental impact of human activities on the environment worldwide date before the concept of global change was introduced. Most notably, in 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm, which led to United Nations Environment Programme. While the efforts were global ...
The process of human influence on nature, including rivers, is stated with the beginning of the Anthropocene, which has replaced the Holocene. [ citation needed ] This long-term impact is analyzed and explained by a wide range of sciences and stands in an interdisciplinary context.
In the Marxist theory of historical materialism, a mode of production (German: Produktionsweise, "the way of producing") is a specific combination of the: . Productive forces: these include human labour power and means of production (tools, machinery, factory buildings, infrastructure, technical knowledge, raw materials, plants, animals, exploitable land).