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A training data set is a data set of examples used during the learning process and is used to fit the parameters (e.g., weights) of, for example, a classifier. [9] [10]For classification tasks, a supervised learning algorithm looks at the training data set to determine, or learn, the optimal combinations of variables that will generate a good predictive model. [11]
Generative pretraining (GP) was a long-established concept in machine learning applications. [16] [17] It was originally used as a form of semi-supervised learning, as the model is trained first on an unlabelled dataset (pretraining step) by learning to generate datapoints in the dataset, and then it is trained to classify a labelled dataset.
ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched in 2022. It is currently based on the GPT-4o large language model (LLM). ChatGPT can generate human-like conversational responses and enables users to refine and steer a conversation towards a desired length, format, style, level of detail, and language. [2]
Above: An image classifier, an example of a neural network trained with a discriminative objective. Below: A text-to-image model, an example of a network trained with a generative objective. Since its inception, the field of machine learning used both discriminative models and generative models, to model and predict data.
A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation.LLMs are language models with many parameters, and are trained with self-supervised learning on a vast amount of text.
Reinforcement learning was used to teach o3 to "think" before generating answers, using what OpenAI refers to as a "private chain of thought". [10] This approach enables the model to plan ahead and reason through tasks, performing a series of intermediate reasoning steps to assist in solving the problem, at the cost of additional computing power and increased latency of responses.
It is usually the case that all ,, are square matrices, meaning =, etc. Attention weights are calculated using the query and key vectors: the attention weight a i j {\displaystyle a_{ij}} from token i {\displaystyle i} to token j {\displaystyle j} is the dot product between q i {\displaystyle q_{i}} and k j {\displaystyle k_{j}} .
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) is a multimodal large language model trained and created by OpenAI and the fourth in its series of GPT foundation models. [1] It was launched on March 14, 2023, [1] and made publicly available via the paid chatbot product ChatGPT Plus, via OpenAI's API, and via the free chatbot Microsoft Copilot. [2]