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A Karnaugh map (KM or K-map) is a diagram that can be used to simplify a Boolean algebra expression. Maurice Karnaugh introduced the technique in 1953 [ 1 ] [ 2 ] as a refinement of Edward W. Veitch 's 1952 Veitch chart , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] which itself was a rediscovery of Allan Marquand 's 1881 logical diagram [ 5 ] [ 6 ] or Marquand diagram . [ 4 ]
In a formula, if the top wire carries x and the bottom wire carries y, then after hitting a comparator the wires carry ′ = (,) and ′ = (,), respectively, so the pair of values is sorted. [ 5 ] : 635 A network of wires and comparators that will correctly sort all possible inputs into ascending order is called a sorting network or Kruskal hub.
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A bistable multivibrator implemented as a comparator with hysteresis. In this configuration, the input voltage is applied through the voltage divider formed by R 1 {\displaystyle {R_{1}}} and R 2 {\displaystyle {R_{2}}} (which may be the source internal resistance) to the non-inverting input and the inverting input is grounded or referenced.
Examples of digital comparator include the CMOS 4063 and 4585 and the TTL 7485 and 74682. An XNOR gate is a basic comparator, because its output is "1" only if its two input bits are equal. The analog equivalent of digital comparator is the voltage comparator .
The reason to add an amplifier is twofold: it amplifies the voltage difference. It, therefore, suppresses the comparator offset and the kick-back noise of the comparator towards the reference ladder is also strongly suppressed. Typically designs from 4-bit up to 6-bit and sometimes 7-bit are produced.
Maurice Karnaugh (/ ˈ k ɑːr n ɔː /; October 4, 1924 – November 8, 2022) was an American physicist, mathematician, computer scientist, and inventor known for the Karnaugh map used in Boolean algebra.