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The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is a system to differentiate drugs on the basis of their solubility and permeability. [1] This system restricts the prediction using the parameters solubility and intestinal permeability. The solubility classification is based on a United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) aperture.
Pseudoephedrine, sold under the brand name Sudafed among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used as a decongestant to treat nasal congestion. [1] [13] [2] It has also been used off-label for certain other indications, like treatment of low blood pressure.
A drug class is a group of medications and other compounds that share similar chemical structures, act through the same mechanism of action (i.e., binding to the same biological target), have similar modes of action, and/or are used to treat similar diseases.
The ATC system also includes defined daily doses (DDDs) for many drugs. This is a measurement of drug consumption based on the usual daily dose for a given drug. According to the definition, "[t]he DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults." [15]
ATC code C09 Agents acting on the renin–angiotensin system is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
Ramipril, a prodrug or precursor drug, is converted to the active metabolite ramiprilat by carboxylesterase 1. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Ramiprilat is mostly excreted by the kidneys . Its half-life is variable (3–16 hours), and is prolonged by heart and liver failure , as well as kidney failure .
Like pseudoephedrine it is a bronchodilator, with pseudoephedrine having considerably less effect. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] Ephedrine may decrease motion sickness , but it has mainly been used to decrease the sedating effects of other medications used for motion sickness.
S3R drugs are those that may have an increased risk of illegal diversion or abuse. These are specified in Clause 23 of the Poisons and Therapeutic Goods Regulation 2002 (NSW). As of January 2006, all pseudoephedrine-containing preparations are S3R. Rikodeine cough syrup also falls into category which contains Dihydrocodeine and Sorbitol.