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Below is the list of muon (anti)neutrino beams used in past or current physics experiments: CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) beam [10] produced by Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN used in OPERA and ICARUS experiments. Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) produced by the Booster synchrotron at Fermilab used in SciBooNE, MiniBooNE and MicroBooNE ...
T2K is the first experiment in which the concept of off-axis neutrino beam was realized. The neutrino beam at J-PARC is designed so that it can be directed 2 to 3 degrees away from the Super-Kamiokande far detector and one of the near detectors, ND280. The average energy of neutrinos decreases with the deviation from the beam axis.
The muon neutrino is an elementary particle which has the symbol ν μ and zero electric charge. Together with the muon it forms the second generation of leptons, hence the name muon neutrino. It was discovered in 1962 by Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger. The discovery was rewarded with the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics.
The number of muons was measured at this point, which gave an indication of the beam's profile and intensity. This beam then passed 732 kilometres (455 mi) through the crust of the Earth and it is expected that during flight some of the muon neutrinos convert into other neutrino types such as tau neutrinos. [1]
"MI" stands for the Main Injector, a Fermilab accelerator that provides high-energy protons which are targeted to create the neutrino beam. "NER" comes from "Neutrino ExpeRiment." The conventional symbol for the neutrino is the Greek letter nu, which resembles a lowercase "v". Finally, "A" represents the mass number of the target material ...
A magnetic horn or neutrino horn (also known as the Van der Meer horn) is a high-current, pulsed focusing device, invented by the Dutch physicist Simon van der Meer in CERN, that selects pions and focuses them into a sharp beam. The original application of the magnetic horn was in the context of neutrino physics, where beams of pions have to be ...
Most accelerator-created neutrino beams can also create muons, and a very few can create tauons. A detector which can distinguish among these leptons can reveal the flavor of the neutrino incident to a charged current interaction; because the interaction involves the exchange of a W boson , the 'target' particle also changes (e.g., neutron → ...
In the 1980s, monitored neutrino beams were built in the USSR in the framework of the "tagged neutrino beam facility". [7] This facility did not reach a flux sufficient to feed neutrino experiments and was later descoped to a tagged kaon beam facility. Current neutrino beams record muons but they have not reached single-particle sensitivity.