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The Republic of Florence (Latin: Res publica Florentina; Old Italian: Republica di Fiorenza), known officially as the Florentine Republic, was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Florence in Tuscany, Italy.
The first de facto Lord (Italian: Signore) in the history of the Republic of Florence was Cosimo de' Medici.Thanks to his moderate policy, Cosimo managed to maintain power for over thirty years until his death, ruling the state silently through his trusted men and thus allowing the consolidation of his family, the Medici, in the government of Florence.
The 10-month Siege of Florence (1529–1530) by the Spanish ended the Republic of Florence and Alessandro de' Medici became the ruler of the city. The siege brought the destruction of its suburbs, the ruin of its export business and the confiscation of its citizens' wealth. [ 8 ]
The Signoria of Florence (Italian: "lordship") was the government of the medieval and Renaissance Republic of Florence, [1] between 1250 and 1532. Its nine members, the Priori, were chosen from the ranks of the guilds of the city: six of them from the major guilds, and two from the minor guilds.
The rest of Florence's territory had been reduced into submission by force, and could easily revolt again. [2] Some of the fundamental premises of his citizen army were flawed. Furthermore, captains of the units were constantly being rotated out of their units because there was fear for the Republic itself. [2]
The rapid expansion of the Viscontean state worried the Republic of Florence. When mercenary bands formerly in the Milanese lord's employ had raided into Tuscany in 1387, the Republic suspected them to be acting on Visconti's behalf, [5] and the latter's attack on Padua only served to confirm suspicions of his ultimate designs. [6]
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Florence, Tuscany, Italy. The earliest timeline of Florence, the Annales florentini , was created in the 12th century. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
All the other Italian states remained independent, with the most powerful being the Venetian Republic, the Medici's Duchy of Tuscany, the Savoyard state, the Republic of Genoa, and the Papal States. The Gonzaga in Mantua, the Este in Modena and Ferrara and the Farnese in Parma and Piacenza continued to be important dynasties.