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update is used to resynchronize the package index files from their sources. The lists of available packages are fetched from the location(s) specified in /etc/apt/sources.list. For example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the Packages.gz files, so that information about new and updated packages is available.
Diagram showing an example file structure of a .deb file Frhed hex editor displaying the raw data of a Debian package. Prior to Debian 0.93, a package consisted of a file header and two concatenated gzip archives. [6] Since Debian 0.93, a deb package is implemented as an ar archive. [7] This archive contains three files in a specific order: [8 ...
The archiver, also known simply as ar, is a Unix utility that maintains groups of files as a single archive file.Today, ar is generally used only to create and update static library files that the link editor or linker uses and for generating .deb packages for the Debian family; it can be used to create archives for any purpose, but has been largely replaced by tar for purposes other than ...
dpkg-buildpackage is a control script that can be used to construct the package automatically. dpkg-distaddfile adds a file input to debian/files. dpkg-parsechangelog reads the changes file (changelog) of an unpacked Debian tree source and creates a conveniently prepared output with the information for those changes.
aptitude is a front end to APT, the Debian package manager. [4] It displays a list of software packages and allows the user to interactively pick packages to install or remove. It has a search system utilizing flexible search patterns. It was initially created for Debian, but has appeared in RPM-based distributions as well.
The dsc file, which is a text file with metadata, such as the names of all files constituting the source package and their SHA256 checksums. It also contains the signature of the creator of the source package. For example, a source package named foo with upstream version 1.2.3 and Debian revision 4 can consist of the following files:
When packages are being installed, debconf asks the user questions which determine the contents of the system-wide configuration files associated with that package. After package installation, it is possible to go back and change the configuration of a package by using the dpkg-reconfigure program, or another program such as Synaptic.
Package format is a type of archive containing computer programs and additional metadata needed by package managers; [1] an instance of this type of archive is called a package. While the archive file format itself may be unchanged, package formats carry additional metadata, such as a manifest file or certain directory layouts.