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Stephen (Greek: Στέφανος, romanized: Stéphanos; c. AD 5 – c. 34) is traditionally venerated as the protomartyr or first martyr of Christianity. [2] According to the Acts of the Apostles, he was a deacon in the early church at Jerusalem who angered members of various synagogues by his teachings.
The stoning to death of Stephen, the first Christian martyr, in a painting by the 16th-century Spanish artist Juan Correa de Vivar. In Christianity, a martyr is a person who was killed for their testimony for Jesus or faith in Jesus. [1]
Feodosia Morozova, an Old Believer being arrested by Czarist authorities An illustration depicts the brutal death of Father Luís Jayme by the hands of angry natives at Mission San Diego de Alcalá in Alta California, November 4, 1775. Martyrs of Japan, 1597-1639, (see also Kakure Kirishitan) Francis Taylor, 1621; Ketevan the Martyr, 1624
The Crown of Life in a stained glass window in memory of the First World War, created c. 1919 by Joshua Clarke & Sons, Dublin. [1]The Five Crowns, also known as the Five Heavenly Crowns, is a concept in Christian theology that pertains to various biblical references to the righteous's eventual reception of a crown after the Last Judgment. [2]
This has happened, for example, in the Martyrium Polycarpi, in which it is possible to recognize the attempt of the hagiographer to assimilate the death of the martyr to that of Christ. note8 This theme of the martyr who imitates Christ, appears already in the first Christian writers. note9 From the fourth century on, certain patterns or ...
In its original meaning, the word martyr, meaning witness, was used in the secular sphere as well as in the New Testament of the Bible. [4] The process of bearing witness was not intended to lead to the death of the witness, although it is known from ancient writers (e.g., Josephus ) and from the New Testament that witnesses often died for ...
Exceptions were admitted for the martyrs and some other classes of saints, who were admitted at once to the supreme joys of heaven. [3] After this "particular judgment", according to Orthodox dogmatic theology, the soul experiences a foretaste of the blessedness or the eternal torment that awaits it after the resurrection. [6]
Along with the experiences of Perpetua and Felicity, the text also appears to contain, in his own words, the accounts of the visions of Saturus, another Christian martyred with Perpetua. An editor who states he was an eyewitness has added accounts of the martyrs' suffering and deaths. It survives in both Latin and Greek forms. [2]