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Packet Tracer is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed by Cisco Systems that allows users to create network topologies and imitate modern computer networks.The software allows users to simulate the configuration of Cisco routers and switches using a simulated command line interface.
Common Internal Spanning Tree (CIST): Identifies regions in a network and administers the CIST root bridge for the network, for each region and for each spanning tree instance in each region. It's also the default spanning tree instance of MSTP so that any VLAN which isn't a member of a particular MSTI, will be a member of the CIST.
By default, VSTP uses the RSTP protocol as its core spanning-tree protocol, but usage of STP can be forced if the network includes old bridges. [26] More information about configuring VSTP on Juniper Networks switches was published in the official documentation. [27] Cisco also published a proprietary version of Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol.
IPX/SPX was primarily designed for local area networks (LANs) and is a very efficient protocol for this purpose (typically SPX's performance exceeds that of TCP on a small LAN, [citation needed] as in place of congestion windows and confirmatory acknowledgements, SPX uses simple NAKs). TCP/IP has, however, become the de facto standard protocol.
IEEE 802.1D is the Ethernet MAC bridges standard which includes bridging, Spanning Tree Protocol and others. It is standardized by the IEEE 802.1 working group. It includes details specific to linking many of the other 802 projects including the widely deployed 802.3 (Ethernet), 802.11 (Wireless LAN) and 802.16 (WiMax) standards.
High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) is a network protocol for Ethernet that provides seamless failover against failure of any single network component. PRP and HSR are independent of the application-protocol and can be used by most Industrial Ethernet protocols in the IEC 61784 suite.
SPBV supports shortest path trees but SPBV also builds a spanning tree which is computed from the link state database and uses the Base VID. This means that SPBV can use this traditional spanning tree for computation of the common and internal spanning tree (CIST). The CIST is the default tree used to interwork with other legacy bridges.
This produces server-to-switch or switch-to-switch connections that are up to 8 times faster. Prior to MLT and other aggregation techniques, parallel links were underutilized due to Spanning Tree Protocol’s loop protection. Fault-tolerant design is an important aspect of Multi-Link Trunking technology. Should any one or more than one link ...