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Axum, also spelled Aksum (/ ˈ ɑː k s uː m / ⓘ), is a town in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia with a population of 66,900 residents (as of 2015). [2] It is the site of the historic capital of the Aksumite Empire. [3] Axum is located in the Central Zone of the Tigray Region, near the base of the Adwa mountains.
The Kingdom of Aksum (Ge'ez: አክሱም, romanized: ʾÄksum; Sabaean: 𐩱𐩫𐩪𐩣, ʾkšm; Ancient Greek: Ἀξωμίτης, romanized: Axōmítēs) also known as the Kingdom of Axum, or the Aksumite Empire, was a kingdom in East Africa and South Arabia from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages, based in what is now northern Ethiopia and Eritrea, and spanning present-day Djibouti and ...
The Obelisk of Axum (Tigrinya: ሓወልቲ ኣኽሱም, romanized: ḥawelti Akhsum; Amharic: የአክሱም ሐውልት, romanized: Ye’Åksum ḥāwelt) is a 4th-century CE, 24-metre (79 ft) tall phonolite [3] stele, weighing 160 tonnes (160 long tons; 180 short tons), in the city of Axum in Ethiopia.
The Kingdom of Aksum was a trading empire rooted in northern Ethiopia. [22] It existed from approximately 100–940 AD, growing from the proto-Aksumite Iron Age period c. 4th century BC to achieve prominence by the 1st century AD. According to the Book of Axum, Axum's first capital, Mazaber, was built by Itiyopis, son of Cush. [23]
Axumite kings may have used multiple names similar to the later Emperors of the Ethiopian Empire (1270–1974), resulting in different names for the same ruler on different lists. Aksumite coins have proven useful for constructing a chronology of Axumite kings. [6] Around 98 percent of the city of Axum has not yet been excavated.
While the scholar Yuri Kobishchanov detailed a number of raids Aksumites made on the Arabian coast (the latest being in 702, when the port of Jeddah was occupied), and argued that Adulis was later captured by the Muslims, which brought to an end Axum's naval ability and contributed to the Aksumite Kingdom's isolation from the Byzantine Empire ...
The Northern Stelae Park in Axum in 2002, with King Ezana's Stele at the middle and the Great Stela lying broken. (The Obelisk of Axum was returned later.). This monument, properly termed a stele (hawilt or hawilti in the local Afroasiatic languages [which?]) was carved and erected in the 4th century by subjects of the Kingdom of Aksum, an ancient civilization focussed in the Ethiopian and ...
Aksum as an empire grew trade connections and subsequently expanded its territory. The Red Sea had influenced trade routes since the first millennium BC and still did into the Christian era. Aksumite commodities were primarily elephant tusks , exported through the Mediterranean , Middle East and Levant , as traders swept west from the African ...