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Function calls must use parentheses with the exception of zero argument class constructor functions called with the PHP new operator, where parentheses are optional. An example function definition is the following:
In most programming languages, functions may take one or more arguments. Usually, each argument must be specified in full (this is the case in the C programming language [1]). Later languages (for example, in C++) allow the programmer to specify default arguments that always have a value, even if one is not specified when calling the function.
A function call using named parameters differs from a regular function call in that the arguments are passed by associating each one with a parameter name, instead of providing an ordered list of arguments. For example, consider this Java or C# method call that doesn't use named parameters:
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
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PHP 5 introduced type declarations that allow functions to force their parameters to be objects of a specific class, arrays, interfaces or callback functions. However, before PHP 7, type declarations could not be used with scalar types such as integers or strings. [71] Below is an example of how PHP variables are declared and initialized.
Notice that the type of the result can be regarded as everything past the first supplied argument. This is a consequence of currying, which is made possible by Haskell's support for first-class functions; this function requires two inputs where one argument is supplied and the function is "curried" to produce a function for the argument not supplied.
In class-based, object-oriented programming, a constructor (abbreviation: ctor) is a special type of function called to create an object.It prepares the new object for use, often accepting arguments that the constructor uses to set required member variables.