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Dopamine receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) and are implicated in many neurological processes, including motivational and incentive salience, cognition, memory, learning, and fine motor control, as well as modulation of neuroendocrine signaling.
Amphetamine, an NDRA and one of the most well-known DRAs. 4-Methylaminorex (4-MAR), the cis- isomer being one of the most dopamine-selective NDRAs known.. A dopamine releasing agent (DRA) is a type of drug which induces the release of dopamine in the body and/or brain.
A dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) is a class of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine by blocking the action of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Reuptake inhibition is achieved when extracellular dopamine not absorbed by the postsynaptic neuron is blocked from re-entering the presynaptic neuron.
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
Many types of pleasurable experiences—such as sexual intercourse, eating, and playing video games—increase dopamine release. [69] All addictive drugs directly or indirectly affect dopamine neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens; [6] [67] these drugs increase drug "wanting", leading to compulsive drug use, when repeatedly taken in high ...
All abused drugs directly or indirectly promote dopamine signaling in the mesolimbic dopamine neurons which project from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). [8] The types of drugs used in experimentation increase this dopamine release through different mechanisms.
There are many types of drugs, legal and illegal, that affect dopamine and its interactions in the brain. With Parkinson's disease, a disease that decreases the amount of dopamine in the brain, the dopamine precursor Levodopa is given to the patient due to the fact that dopamine cannot cross the blood–brain barrier and L-dopa can. Some ...
The most common drugs of abuse stimulate the release of dopamine, which creates both their rewarding and the psychomotor effects. Compulsive drug-taking behaviors are a result of the long-lasting or permanent [ 30 ] [ 31 ] functional changes in the mesolimbic dopamine system arising from repetitive dopamine stimulation.