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Lydia's borders under King Croesus. Croesus was born in 620 BC to the king Alyattes of Lydia and one of his queens, a Carian noblewoman whose name is still unknown. Croesus had at least one full sister, Aryenis, as well as a half-brother named Pantaleon, born from an Ionian wife of Alyattes. [8] [9]
Croesus, aka Kroisos (c.585–546 BC; son of Alyattes) [18] [19] Gyges died in battle c.644 BCE, fighting against the Cimmerians, and was succeeded by Ardys. [9] The most successful king was Alyattes, under whom Lydia reached its peak of power and prosperity. [20] Croesus was defeated by Cyrus the Great at the battles of Pteria and Thymbra.
Lydia, including Ionia, during the Achaemenid Empire. Xerxes I tomb, Lydian soldier of the Achaemenid army, circa 480 BC. In 547 BC, the Lydian king Croesus besieged and captured the Persian city of Pteria in Cappadocia and enslaved its inhabitants. The Persian king Cyrus The Great marched with his army against the Lydians.
The previous year Croesus, the king of Lydia, impelled by various considerations, invaded the kingdom of Cyrus the Great.Croesus hoped to quell the growing power of Achaemenid Persia, expand his own dominions and revenge the deposition of his brother-in-law Astyages. [3]
The Croeseid, anciently Kroiseioi stateres, was a type of coin, either in gold or silver, which was minted in Sardis by the king of Lydia Croesus (561–546 BC) from around 550 BC. Croesus is credited with issuing the first true gold coins with a standardised purity for general circulation, [1] and the world's first bimetallic monetary system. [1]
Adrastus (Greek: Ἄδραστος; Ionic: Adrestus Ἄδρηστος) was the son of Gordias, king of Phrygia. He features prominently in Herodotus 's story of King Croesus of Lydia . Adrastus killed his brother, unwittingly, [ 1 ] and was driven out by his father.
The dispersal of Croesus' army exposed Lydia to the unexpected winter campaign of Cyrus, who almost immediately followed Croesus back to Sardis. [11] The rival kings fought again at the Battle of Thymbra , before Sardis, which ended in a decisive victory for Cyrus the Great.
"King Croesus Receiving Tribute from a Lydian Peasant", 1629 painting by Claude Vignon. Niobe, daughter of Tantalus and Dione and sister of Pelops and Broteas, had known Arachne, a Lydian woman, when she was still in Lydia/Maeonia in her father's lands near to Mount Sipylus, according to Ovid's account.