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Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah (Arabic: محمد حسين فضل الله, romanized: Muḥammad Ḥusayn Fadl Allāh; 16 November 1935 – 4 July 2010) was a prominent Lebanese-Iraqi Twelver Shia cleric. Born in Najaf, Iraq, Fadlallah studied Islam in Najaf before moving to Lebanon in 1952.
In Najaf, Tabataba'i developed his major contributions in the fields of Tafsir (interpretation), philosophy, and history of the Shi'a faith. In philosophy the most important of his works is Usul-i falsafeh va ravesh-e-realism (The Principles of Philosophy and the Method of Realism), which has been published in five volumes with explanatory notes and the commentary of Morteza Motahhari.
Husayn ibn Ahmad was born in 825 and assumed the Imamate in 840. [10] His hujjat was Ahmad, surnamed al-Hakim, a descendant of Husayn ibn Ali, to whom Abd Allah ibn Maymun al-Qaddah handed over his position. [11] [10] Al-Radi's home was in Salamiyah, where he lived among the Hashimites and acted as if he was one of them. [12]
In sum, Ba'alawi are Sayyids who have a blood descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through Alawi ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Muhajir. Meanwhile, Alawiyyin (Arabic: العلويّن; al-`alawiyyin), a Sayyid term that is used to describe descendants of Ali bin Abi Talib from Husayn ibn Ali (Sayyids) and Hasan ibn Ali .
The Quran also refers to Muhammad as Ahmad, "more praiseworthy" (Arabic: أحمد). [13] [14] The penultimate prophet in Islam, Isa ibn Maryam also refers to Muhammad as Ahmad in the Sura As-Saff. [15] Muhammad is also referred to as Hamid, or "Praiser (of God)" (Arabic: حامد), and as Mahmud, or "Most Highly Praised" (Arabic: محمود). [1]
His birthdate is only mentioned by Yaqut al-Hamawi in his Muʿjam al-Buldān to be in Jumādā al-Awwal, 433/January 1042. However, subsequent sources, like Miftāḥ al-Saʿāda by Ṭāsh Kopruzādeh and al-Aʿlām by Khayr al-Din al-Zirikli, report that he was born in 436 AH.
Adh-Dhahabi lost his sight two years before he died, leaving three children: the eldest, his daughter, Amat al-'Aziz, and his two sons, 'Abd Allah and Abu Hurayra 'Abd al-Rahman. The latter son taught the hadith masters Ibn Nasir-ud-din al-Damishqi [10] and Ibn Hajar, and through them transmitted several works authored or narrated by his father.
Despite the advice of Muhammad ibn Hanafiyya, Abdullah ibn Umar, and the constant insistence of Abd Allah ibn Abbas in Mecca, Husayn did not back down from his decision to go to Kufa. [18] Ibn 'Abbas pointed out that the Kufis had left both his father Ali and his brother Hasan alone, and suggested that Husayn go to Yemen instead of Kufa, or at ...