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The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA; French: Loi sur la protection des renseignements personnels et les documents électroniques) is a Canadian law relating to data privacy. [2] It governs how private sector organizations collect, use and disclose personal information in the course of commercial business.
The Act also contains various provisions to facilitate the use of electronic documents. PIPEDA was passed in 2000 to promote consumer trust in electronic commerce, as well as was intended to assure that Canadian privacy laws protect the personal information of citizens of other nationalities to be in compliance with EU data protection law.
The regulation applies if the data controller (an organisation that collects information about living people, whether they are in the EU or not), or processor (an organisation that processes data on behalf of a data controller like cloud service providers), or the data subject (person) is based in the EU.
Some salient provisions of the legislation are as follows: A government institution may not collect personal information unless it relates directly to an operating program or activity of the institution (section 4).
While Switzerland is not a member of the European Union (EU) or of the European Economic Area (EEA), it has partially implemented the EU Directive on the protection of personal data in 2006 by acceding to the STE 108 agreement of the Council of Europe and a corresponding amendment of the federal Data Protection Act. However, Swiss law imposes ...
In 1980, the OECD issued recommendations for protection of personal data in the form of eight principles. These were non-binding and in 1995, the European Union (EU) enacted a more binding form of governance, i.e. legislation, to protect personal data privacy in the form of the Data Protection Directive.
The new EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) includes ‘data protection by design’ and ‘data protection by default’, [33] [34] [12] the second foundational principle of privacy by design.
The right of access, also referred to as right to access and (data) subject access, is one of the most fundamental rights in data protection laws around the world. For instance, the United States, Singapore, Brazil, and countries in Europe have all developed laws that regulate access to personal data as privacy protection.
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