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Caste systems in Africa are a form of social stratification found in numerous ethnic groups, found in over fifteen countries, particularly in the Sahel, West Africa, and North Africa. [1] These caste systems feature endogamy , hierarchical status, inherited occupation, membership by birth, pollution concepts and restraints on commensality.
The Inadan, also referred to as Enad or Tinadan, [2] [3] have been one of the historic artisan castes in West Africa, particularly among the Tuareg people. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Sometimes referred to as an endogamous caste and sometimes as endogamous marginalized class within the Tuareg, the Inadan are found in Niger , Mali , Libya , Sahel and other ...
The official population count of the various ethnic groups in Africa is highly uncertain due to limited infrastructure to perform censuses, and due to rapid population growth. Some groups have alleged that there is deliberate misreporting in order to give selected ethnicities numerical superiority (as in the case of Nigeria's Hausa, Fulani ...
The Mandinka or Malinke [note 1] are a West African ethnic group primarily found in southern Mali, The Gambia, southern Senegal and eastern Guinea. [19] Numbering about 11 million, [20] [21] they are the largest subgroup of the Mandé peoples and one of the largest ethnolinguistic groups in Africa.
The other castes were similarly further sub-classified by 19th-century and early-20th-century ethnographers based on numerous criteria ranging from profession, endogamy or exogamy or polygamy, and a host of other factors in a manner similar to castas in Spanish colonies such as Mexico, and caste system studies in British colonies such as India ...
The history of the indigenous African peoples spans thousands of years and includes a complex variety of cultures, languages, and political systems. Indigenous African cultures have existed since ancient times, with some of the earliest evidence of human life on the continent coming from stone tools and rock art dating back hundreds of thousands of years.
This is a list of blockhouses built by the British Empire in South Africa during the Second Anglo-Boer War from 1899–1901. Of the fortifications constructed during the war, around 441 were solid masonry blockhouses, [1] many of which stand today. Different designs were used in the construction, but most were either two or three story ...
Within the four major castes, there are numerous sub-castes among which a certain amount of mobility is possible. According to the Indian caste system, which is codified in the Hindu religion, people may move from one caste to another across several life-times through the process of reincarnation.