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Evidence suggests that the anomaly was predominantly a volcanic winter event caused by the massive 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in April in modern-day Indonesia (commonly referred to as the Dutch East Indies at the time). This eruption was the largest in at least 1,300 years (after the hypothesized eruption causing the volcanic winter of 536 ...
Supervolcano – Volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8; Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt – Active volcanic belt that covers central-southern Mexico; Volcanic arc – Chain of volcanoes formed above a subducting plate; Volcanic explosivity index – Predictive Qualitative scale for explosiveness of volcanic ...
Dense-rock equivalent (DRE) is a volcanologic calculation used to estimate volcanic eruption volume. One of the widely accepted measures of the size of a historic or prehistoric eruption is the volume of magma ejected as pumice and volcanic ash, known as tephra during an explosive phase of the eruption, or the volume of lava extruded during an effusive phase of a volcanic eruption.
GVP's volcano and eruption databases constitute a foundation for all statistical statements concerning locations, frequencies, and magnitudes of Earth's volcanic eruptions during the last 10,000 years. Three print editions of Volcanoes of the World were published based on the GVP data in 1981, [3] 1994 [4] and 2010. [5]
Prediction of volcanic activity, and volcanic eruption forecasting, is an interdisciplinary monitoring and research effort to predict the time and severity of a volcano's eruption. Of particular importance is the prediction of hazardous eruptions that could lead to catastrophic loss of life, property, and disruption of human activities.
The 1902 eruption of Santa María was one of the largest eruptions of the 20th century, measuring a six on the volcanic explosivity index of eight. The main eruption began on 24 October 1902 and lasted no more than 20 hours. [1] Prior to its catastrophic eruption, Santa María had no record of an eruption.
The volcanic island of Anak Krakatau in Indonesia saw an eruption on 22 December 2018 which caused a deadly tsunami, with waves surging up to five meters in height. The tsunami killed at least 437 ...
This eruption is considered the climactic event of Yellowstone's third volcanic cycle. The Lava Creek Tuff covers an area of more than 7,500 km 2 (2,900 sq mi) centered around the caldera and has an estimated magma volume of 1,000 km 3 (240 cu mi).