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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cell production. [1] Symptoms may include feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and increased risk of infection. [1]
Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common acute leukemia that is affecting the adult population. The 5-year survival rate for the cancer stands at around 26% (ACS, 2016). M2 acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation refers to the subtype of acute myeloid leukemia characterized by the maturation stages of the myeloid cell development and the ...
Acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL, or AML-M5) [2] is a type of acute myeloid leukemia. In AML-M5 >80% of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage. [3] This cancer is characterized by a dominance of monocytes in the bone marrow. There is an overproduction of monocytes that the body does not need in the periphery.
Among adults, the known causes are natural and artificial ionizing radiation and petrochemicals, notably benzene and alkylating chemotherapy agents for previous malignancies. [46] [47] [48] Use of tobacco is associated with a small increase in the risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia in adults. [46]
It has been said that acute myeloid leukemia can occur from a progression of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia type 1 and 2. [7] Normal red blood cells decrease and a rapid proliferation of the abnormal myeloblasts occur. [2] Apoptosis functional ability decreases which causes a back up of myeloblasts in the bone marrow and blood. [2]
Acute promyelocytic leukemia represents 10–12% of AML cases. [16] The median age is approximately 30–40 years, [33] which is considerably younger than the other subtypes of AML (70 years), however in elderly population APL has peculiar characteristics. [34] Incidence is higher among individuals of Latin American or South European origin. [35]
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