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The Middle Passage was the stage of the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans [1] were forcibly transported to the Americas as part of the triangular slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods (first side of the triangle), which were then traded for slaves with rulers of African states ...
After being captured and held in the factories, slaves entered the infamous Middle Passage. Meltzer's research puts this phase of the slave trade's overall mortality at 12.5%. [227] Their deaths were the result of brutal treatment and poor care from the time of their capture and throughout their voyage. [228]
In this circuit the sea lane west from Africa to the West Indies (and later, also to Brazil) was known as the Middle Passage; its cargo consisted of abducted or recently purchased African people. During the Age of Sail , the particular routes were also shaped by the powerful influence of winds and currents .
The internal slave trade in the United States, also known as the domestic slave trade, the Second Middle Passage [1] and the interregional slave trade, [2] was the mercantile trade of enslaved people within the United States. It was most significant after 1808, when the importation of slaves from Africa was prohibited by federal law.
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Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora [1] is a book by Stephanie E. Smallwood and the 2008 winner of the Frederick Douglass Book Prize. [2] [3] The book attempts to tell the story of enslaved Africans through the accounts of the Royal Africa Company (RAC) from 1675 to 1725.
"Middle Passage" follows the transatlantic slave trade and is focused on the events surrounding the mutiny on La Amistad in July 1839. [3] Hayden sought to redefine African-American history through his poem. [4] [5] The original version of the poem has some typographical errors and mistakes in how it was set. In revising the poem, Hayden made ...
La Amistad was a 19th-century two-masted schooner of about 120 feet (37 m). In 1839 it was owned by Ramón Ferrer, a Spanish national. [3] Strictly speaking, La Amistad was not a typical slave ship, as it was not designed like others to traffic massive numbers of enslaved Africans, nor did it engage in the Middle Passage of Africans to the Americas.