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Computers further revolutionized the actuarial profession. From pencil-and-paper to punchcards to microcomputers, the modeling and forecasting ability of the actuary has grown vastly. [46] Another modern development is the convergence of modern finance theory with actuarial science. [47]
The potential of modern financial economics theory to complement existing actuarial science was recognized by actuaries in the mid-twentieth century. [11] In the late 1980s and early 1990s, there was a distinct effort for actuaries to combine financial theory and stochastic methods into their established models. [ 12 ]
Actuarial credibility describes an approach used by actuaries to improve statistical estimates. Although the approach can be formulated in either a frequentist or Bayesian statistical setting, the latter is often preferred because of the ease of recognizing more than one source of randomness through both "sampling" and "prior" information.
Actuarial science – discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in the insurance and finance industries. What type of thing is actuarial science? [ edit ]
In credibility theory, a branch of study in actuarial science, the Bühlmann model is a random effects model (or "variance components model" or hierarchical linear model) used to determine the appropriate premium for a group of insurance contracts. The model is named after Hans Bühlmann who first published a description in 1967.
EV measures the value of the insurer by adding today's value of the existing business (i.e. future profits) to the market value of net assets (i.e. accumulated past profits). It is a conservative measure of the insurer's value in the sense that it only considers future profits from existing policies and so ignores the possibility that the ...
In a discrete (i.e. finite state) market, the following hold: [2] The First Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing: A discrete market on a discrete probability space (,,) is arbitrage-free if, and only if, there exists at least one risk neutral probability measure that is equivalent to the original probability measure, P.
Investment theory, which is near synonymous, encompasses the body of knowledge used to support the decision-making process of choosing investments, [4] [5] and the asset pricing models are then applied in determining the asset-specific required rate of return on the investment in question, and for hedging.