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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management options are evidence-based practices with established treatment efficacy for ADHD.Approaches that have been evaluated in the management of ADHD symptoms include FDA-approved pharmacologic treatment and other pharmaceutical agents, psychological or behavioral approaches, combined pharmacological and behavioral approaches, cognitive training ...
In both children and adults with ADHD, an underlying executive dysfunction involving the prefrontal regions and other interconnected subcortical structures has been found. [55] As a result, people with ADHD commonly perform more poorly than matched controls on interference control, mental flexibility and verbal fluency.
Boys diagnosed with the combined ADHD subtype are more likely to have a mood disorder. [85] Adults and children with ADHD sometimes also have bipolar disorder, which requires careful assessment to accurately diagnose and treat both conditions. [86] [87] Sleep disorders and ADHD commonly co-exist. They can also occur as a side effect of ...
The term was introduced by Alan Baddeley [2] [3] to describe a common pattern of dysfunction in executive functions, such as planning, abstract thinking, flexibility and behavioural control. It is thought to be Baddeley's hypothesized working memory system and the central executive that are the hypothetical systems impaired in DES. [ 2 ]
Both children and adolescents with ADHD have cognitive deficits, including reduced academic functioning, learning disorders, speech and language impairments, and intelligence deficits. Children have contorted self-perceptions of themselves like reporting higher self-esteem than deserved, known as a positive illusory bias .
Atomoxetine is sometimes used in the treatment of cognitive impairment and frontal lobe symptoms due to conditions like traumatic brain injury (TBI). [48] [49] It is used to treat ADHD-like symptoms such as sustained attentional problems, disinhibition, [50] lack of arousal, fatigue, and depression, including symptoms from cognitive disengagement syndrome. [48]
Males with ADHD, children, and adults exhibit higher rates of externalizing disorders or behaviors that manifest as aggressive, disruptive, rule-breaking behaviors, making them more likely to be referred for ADHD treatment. Adult males with ADHD are also more likely to display antisocial behaviors associated with antisocial personality disorder ...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and developmentally-inappropriate. [3] [9] [10] [11]