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ETOUSA became United States Forces European Theater (USFET) from 1 July 1945 to 15 March 1947; and then European Command (EUCOM) 15 March 1947 to 1 August 1952. Official U.S. Army lineage details for the European Theater of Operations are: [7] Organized 8 January 1942 in England as Headquarters, United States Army Forces in the British Isles
The city, which had been heavily fortified by the Italians during their 30-year occupation, was garrisoned by 36,000 Commonwealth troops, [128] commanded by Australian Lieutenant General Leslie Morshead. [129] Hoping to catch the defenders off-guard, Rommel launched a failed attack on 14 April. [130] Map of Halfaya Pass and surrounding area
The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers.They were forced to adapt to new technologies and forged the direction of modern warfare. Some political leaders, particularly those of the principal dictatorships involved in the conflict, Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy), and Hirohito (Japan), acted as dictators for their respective countries or empires.
Commanded by Chester W. Nimitz through the war. South Pacific Area (COMSOPAC): Formed in April 1942 as a subordinate command of Pacific Ocean Areas, commanded by Robert L. Ghormley through October 1942, William Halsey, Jr. to June 1944, John H. Newton to March 1945, and Admiral William L. Calhoun to the end of the war.
VIII Bomber (later, Eighth Air Force): 1 February 1942 – 16 July 1945; VIII Ground Air Support (later, VIII Air Support): 28 August 1942 – 1 December 1943; VIII Troop Carrier: c. July 1942-16 October 1943 (detached entire period) Air Service Command, United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe (Major General Hugh J. Knerr) Task Forces
June 21–22, 1942 – Bombardment of Fort Stevens, the second attack on a U.S. military base in the continental U.S. in World War II. September 9, 1942, and September 29, 1942 – Lookout Air Raids, the only attack by enemy aircraft on the contiguous U.S. and the second enemy aircraft attack on the U.S. continent in World War II.
Leonid Govorov became Soviet commander in Leningrad in 1942, and commanded Leningrad's forces in Operation Spark. In 1944, he was promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union. Ivan Konev was commander of the 19th Army during the early days of the Nazi invasion. He led the Red Army on the Eastern Front and liberated much of Eastern Europe.
The European theatre of World War II was one of the two main theatres of combat [nb 19] during World War II, taking place from September 1939 to May 1945.The Allied powers (including the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union) fought the Axis powers (including Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy) on both sides of the continent in the Western and Eastern fronts.