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Solomon's Temple, also known as the First Temple (Hebrew: בַּיִת רִאשׁוֹן , romanized: Bayyit Rīšōn, lit. 'First Temple'), was a biblical Temple in Jerusalem believed to have existed between the 10th and 6th centuries BCE .
The term First Temple is customarily used to describe the Temple of the pre-exilic period, which is thought to have been destroyed by the Babylonian conquest. It is described in the Bible as having been built by King Solomon and is understood to have been constructed with its Holy of Holies centered on a stone hilltop now known as the Foundation Stone which had been a traditional focus of ...
Almost a century later, the First Temple was replaced by the Second Temple, which was built after the Neo-Babylonian Empire was conquered by the Achaemenid Persian Empire. While the Second Temple stood for a longer period of time than the First Temple, it was likewise destroyed during the Roman siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE.
Although the specific process by which the Israelites adopted monotheism is unknown, it is certain that the transition was a gradual one and was not totally accomplished during the First Temple period. [79] [page needed] More is known about this period, as during this time writing was widespread. [80]
By the end of the First Temple Period, Jerusalem was the sole acting religious shrine in the kingdom and a centre of regular pilgrimage; a fact which archaeologists generally view as being corroborated by the evidence, [citation needed] though there remained a more personal cult involving Asherah figures, which are found spread throughout the ...
The rabbis interpreted this passage as referring to a period of 490 years which would pass between the destructions of the First and Second Temples—70 years between the Temples, plus 420 years of the Second Temple, starting in the 71st year after the destruction, [25] [19] though the passage can plausibly be interpreted in other ways. [19]
However, this period is believed to have resulted in the first settlement of Armenians in Jerusalem. [22] According to Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi writing in c. 482 CE, Tigranes captured Jerusalem and deported Hyrcanus to Armenia, however most scholars deem this account to be incorrect.
Construction of the Second Temple was completed in 516 BCE, during the reign of Darius the Great, 70 years after the destruction of the First Temple. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] In about 440 BCE, the city was rebuilt on a smaller scale during the Persian period, when, according to the Bible, Nehemiah led the Jews who returned from the Babylonian Exile.