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Integration is the basic operation in integral calculus.While differentiation has straightforward rules by which the derivative of a complicated function can be found by differentiating its simpler component functions, integration does not, so tables of known integrals are often useful.
Note: x > 0 is assumed throughout this article, and the constant of integration is omitted for simplicity. Integrals involving only logarithmic functions [ edit ]
Because this is undefined when x = −b / a, the most general form of the antiderivative replaces the constant of integration with a locally constant function. [1] However, it is conventional to omit this from the notation.
A differential one-form can be integrated over an oriented path, and the resulting integral is just another way of writing a line integral. Here the basic differentials dx, dy, dz measure infinitesimal oriented lengths parallel to the three coordinate axes. A differential two-form is a sum of the form
The following is a list of integrals (antiderivative functions) of trigonometric functions.For antiderivatives involving both exponential and trigonometric functions, see List of integrals of exponential functions.
The following is a list of indefinite integrals (antiderivatives) of expressions involving the inverse trigonometric functions.For a complete list of integral formulas, see lists of integrals.