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Bicarbonate (HCO − 3) is a vital component of the pH buffering system [3] of the human body (maintaining acid–base homeostasis). 70%–75% of CO 2 in the body is converted into carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), which is the conjugate acid of HCO − 3 and can quickly turn into it. [citation needed]
The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), bicarbonate ion (HCO − 3 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum , among other tissues, to support proper metabolic function. [ 1 ]
When the pH of the body falls below 7.35, an acidemia occurs. [2] Similarly, when the pH of the body rises above 7.45, an alkalemia occurs. [2] Renal compensation is one of the many compensatory mechanisms within the body which assist the pH level in ranging between 7.35 and 7.45 as the body cannot function properly when the pH falls out of ...
The bicarbonate buffer, consisting of a mixture of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3) and a bicarbonate (HCO − 3) salt in solution, is the most abundant buffer in the extracellular fluid, and it is also the buffer whose acid-to-base ratio can be changed very easily and rapidly. [15]
Metabolic acidosis is a serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body's acid-base balance.Metabolic acidosis has three main root causes: increased acid production, loss of bicarbonate, and a reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete excess acids. [5]
A simple means of estimating renal function is to measure pH, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and basic electrolytes (including sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate). As the kidney is the most important organ in controlling these values, any derangement in these values could suggest renal impairment.
Gastric acid is regulated in feedback systems to increase production when needed, such as after a meal. Other cells in the stomach produce bicarbonate, a base, to buffer the fluid, ensuring a regulated pH. These cells also produce mucus – a viscous barrier to prevent gastric acid from damaging the stomach.
Bicarbonate in the red blood cell (RBC) exchanging with chloride from plasma in the lungs. The underlying properties creating the chloride shift are the presence of carbonic anhydrase within the RBCs but not the plasma, and the permeability of the RBC membrane to carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ion but not to hydrogen ion.