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Globally, one in 10 women drink alcohol during pregnancy. Out of this population, 20% binge drink and have four or more alcoholic drinks per single occasion. [39] The use of alcohol during pregnancy occurs at different rates across the world, potentially due to various cultural differences and legislation.
Personal habits such as consumption of alcohol or large amounts of caffeine can negatively and irreversibly affect the development of the baby, which happens in the early stages of pregnancy. [ 4 ] Caffeine consumption during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss. [ 5 ]
The severity of effects alcohol may have on a developing fetus depends upon the amount and frequency of alcohol consumed as well as the stage of pregnancy. Rates of alcohol consumption can generally be categorized in one of three ways: heavy drinking (more than 48-60 grams of ethanol/day), moderately high drinking (24-48 grams of ethanol/day ...
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Current label statements, which warn about drinking alcohol during pregnancy and the impact of alcohol on driving a car or operating machinery, have not been updated since 1988.
Medical organizations strongly discourage drinking alcohol during pregnancy. [51] [52] [53] Alcohol passes easily from the mother's bloodstream through the placenta and into the bloodstream of the fetus, [54] which interferes with brain and organ development. [55] Alcohol can affect the fetus at any stage during pregnancy, but the level of risk ...
This risk is especially high during alcohol intoxication because lowered sexual inhibition can make it difficult to withdraw in time. Women with unintended pregnancies are more likely to smoke tobacco, [105] drink alcohol during pregnancy, [106] [107] and binge drink during pregnancy, [105] which results in poorer health outcomes. [106]