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The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated to the fifth millennium BC have been found in the Indus Valley civilization, as well as fabric remnants dated back to 4200 BC in Peru.
Post-consumer cotton is textile waste that is collected after consumers have discarded the finished products, such as used apparel and household items. [1] Post-consumer cotton which is made with many color shades and fabric blends is labor-intensive to recycle because the different materials have to be separated before recycling. [1]
According to the 12th-century geographer al-Idrīsī, in Andalusī-era Almería, imitations of Iraqī and Persian silks called «عَتَّابِيِّ» —‘attābī— were manufactured, which David Jacoby identifies [4] as "a taffeta fabric made of silk and cotton (natural fibers) originally produced in Attabiya, a district of Baghdad."
The primary consideration in fabric selection is the end use. The fabric needs vary greatly depending on the application. Similar types of fabric may not be suitable for all applications. [15]: 18 Fabric weight is an important criteria while producing different fabrics. A carpet requires a fabric with 1300 GSM, but a robe may be made with 160 GSM.
Finishing adds value to the product and makes it more attractive, useful and functional for the end-user. [29] Fresh off the loom, cotton fabric not only contains impurities, including warp size, but it also requires further treatment to develop its full potential and to add to its value. [30] [31]
Mechanical processing is a recycling method in which textile fabric is broken down while the fibers are still preserved. [5] Once shredded down, these fibers can be spun to create new fabrics. [5] This is the most commonly used technique to recycle textiles and is a process that is particularly well developed for cotton textiles. [5]