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Abrams' law (also called Abrams' water-cement ratio law) [1] is a concept in civil engineering. The law states the strength of a concrete mix is inversely related to the mass ratio of water to cement. [1] [2] As the water content increases, the strength of concrete decreases. Abrams’ law is a special case of a general rule formulated ...
A lower ratio leads to higher strength and durability, but may make the mix more difficult to work with and form. Workability can be resolved with the use of plasticizers or super-plasticizers. A higher ratio gives a too fluid concrete mix resulting in a too porous hardened concrete of poor quality.
A concrete composition not composed by the standard EN 206–1, can be acknowledged, only if the new concrete shows a performance equal to the standardized concrete concerning environmental classes. Cement content and water-cement ratio are important elements hereby. The comparison with standardized concrete is tested according to the following ...
Abrams investigated the influence of the composition of concrete mixes on the strength of the end product. Some of the results of his research were: the definition of the concept of fineness modulus; the definition of the water–cement ratio; a concrete slump test for the
The ultimate strength of concrete is influenced by the water-cementitious ratio (w/cm), the design constituents, and the mixing, placement and curing methods employed.All things being equal, concrete with a lower water-cement (cementitious) ratio makes a stronger concrete than that with a higher ratio. [2]
The effective reinforcement ratio was determined from the maximum arching moment of resistance in a rigidly restrained concrete slab, which Rankin [21] had derived for laterally restrained concrete slabs from McDowell, McKee and Sevin's [22] arching action deformation theory for masonry walls.
The void ratio of a mixture of solids and fluids (gases and liquids), or of a porous composite material such as concrete, is the ratio of the volume of the voids filled by the fluids to the volume of all the solids ().
Their addition allows to decrease the water-to-cement ratio of concrete or mortar without negatively affecting the workability of the mixture. It enables the production of self-consolidating concrete and high-performance concrete. The water–cement ratio is the main factor determining the concrete strength and its durability. Superplasticizers ...