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The risk of contracting pelvic inflammatory disease can be reduced by the following: Using barrier methods such as condoms; see human sexual behaviour for other listings. [32] Using latex condoms to prevent STIs that may go untreated. Seeking medical attention if you are experiencing symptoms of PID. [32]
Another risk is factors that alter the microenvironment in the vagina and cervix, allowing infecting organisms to proliferate and eventually ascend to the fallopian tube: antibiotic treatment; ovulation; menstruation; sexually transmitted infection (STI) Finally, sexual intercourse may facilitate the spread of disease from the vagina to the ...
Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which help block the action of “increased levels of prostaglandins which makes the uterus contract,” causing cramps, Dr. Ross notes.
[7] [1] It is also part of spectrum of diseases that make up pelvic inflammatory disease. [8] Endometritis is divided into acute and chronic forms. [2] The acute form is usually from an infection that passes through the cervix as a result of an abortion, during menstruation, following childbirth, or as a result of douching or placement of an IUD.
Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy include pelvic inflammatory disease, often due to chlamydia infection; tobacco smoking; endometriosis; prior tubal surgery; a history of infertility; and the use of assisted reproductive technology. [2] Those who have previously had an ectopic pregnancy are at much higher risk of having another one. [2]
Causes include perforation of the intestinal tract, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, stomach ulcer, cirrhosis, a ruptured appendix or even a perforated gallbladder. [3] Risk factors include ascites (the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen) and peritoneal dialysis . [ 4 ]
Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome occurs almost exclusively in women, though it can be seen in males rarely. [5] It is complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Chlamydia) or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea) though other bacteria such as Bacteroides, Gardnerella, E. coli and Streptococcus have also been found to cause Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome on occasion. [6]
BV is a risk factor for pelvic inflammatory disease, HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), endometriosis, and reproductive and obstetric disorders or negative outcomes. Although BV can be associated with sexual activity , there is no clear evidence of sexual transmission.