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In electronics testing and servicing, an isolation transformer is a 1:1 (under load) power transformer used for safety. Without it, exposed live metal in a device under test is at a hazardous voltage relative to grounded objects such as a heating radiator or oscilloscope ground lead (a particular hazard with some old vacuum-tube equipment with ...
A transformer is the most widespread example of galvanic isolation. An opto-isolator is a very popular method of isolation in digital circuits. Cross-section of dual in-line package opto-isolators. Relative sizes of LED (red) and sensor (green) are exaggerated.
A leakage transformer, also called a stray-field transformer, has a significantly higher leakage inductance than other transformers, sometimes increased by a magnetic bypass or shunt in its core between primary and secondary, which is sometimes adjustable with a set screw. This provides a transformer with an inherent current limitation due to ...
Any switched-mode power supply that gets its power from an AC power line (called an "off-line" converter [37]) requires a transformer for galvanic isolation. [citation needed] Some DC-to-DC converters may also include a transformer, although isolation may not be critical in these cases. SMPS transformers run at high frequencies.
Phase-to-phase transformer in Britain Primary line on the right toward the front and secondary lines in the back of this single-phase transformer Both pole-mounted and pad-mounted transformers convert the overhead or underground distribution lines' high 'primary' voltage to the lower 'secondary' or 'utilization' voltage inside the building.
Isolated-phase bus is made in ratings from 3000 amperes to 45,000 amperes, and rated for voltages from 5000 volts up to about 35,000 volts. In the larger current ratings, dry air is forced through the enclosures and within the tubular conductors for forced-air cooling of the conductors. The cooling air is recirculated through a heat exchanger.