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Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant breath odour is present. [1] It can result in anxiety among those affected. [1] It is also associated with depression and symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder. [1] The concerns of bad breath may be divided into genuine and non-genuine cases. [2]
Chronic mouth breathing in children may affect dental and facial growth. [19] It may also lead to the development of a long, narrow face, sometimes termed long face syndrome. [28] Conversely, it has been suggested that a long thin face type, with corresponding thin nasopharyngeal airway, predisposes to nasal obstruction and mouth breathing. [17]
Medically, bad breath is known as halitosis, says Dr. Gastelum. It’s fine if it crops up after in the mornings or after eating a garlic- or onion-heavy dish, but otherwise, it means something is ...
Chronic periodontitis affects about 750 million people or about 10.8% of the world population as of 2010. [ 86 ] Like other conditions intimately related to access to hygiene and basic medical monitoring and care, periodontitis tends to be more common in economically disadvantaged populations or regions.
Childhood chronic illnesses are common among school-aged children in the United States, and these illnesses often require management within school settings for a child to safely attend. [30] At any stage, children with chronic illness can have reduced quality of life , especially if the children or their families are of low socioeconomic status .
Candida albicans infection; Candida parapsilosis infection; Cytomegalovirus infection; diphtheria; human coronavirus infection; respiratory distress syndrome; measles; meconium aspiration syndrome