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Superheated steam was widely used in main line steam locomotives. Saturated steam has three main disadvantages in a steam engine: it contains small droplets of water which have to be periodically drained from the cylinders; being precisely at the boiling point of water for the boiler pressure in use, it inevitably condenses to some extent in the steam pipes and cylinders outside the boiler ...
A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into superheated steam or dry steam. Superheated steam is used in steam turbines for electricity generation, in some steam engines, and in processes such as steam reforming. There are three types of superheaters: radiant, convection, and separately fired.
A high-pressure steam locomotive is a steam locomotive with a boiler that operates at pressures well above what would be considered normal for other locomotives. Most locomotives operate with a steam pressure of 200 to 300 psi (1.38 to 2.07 MPa). [1] In the later years of steam, boiler pressures were typically 200 to 250 psi (1.38 to 1.72 MPa).
In general, the steam economy is roughly proportional to the specific volumes of saturated and superheated steam at the pressure of generation. [Thus] the operating range of any given [steam] engine is increased; this is of especial benefit to tank engines and to all engines working in areas where fuel is expensive or water is scarce.
A superheated boiler on a steam locomotive. L.D. Porta gives the following equation determining the efficiency of a steam locomotive, applicable to steam engines of all kinds: power (kW) = steam Production (kg h −1)/Specific steam consumption (kg/kW h). A greater quantity of steam can be generated from a given quantity of water by ...
These closed-loop steam engines had no firebox. The boiler was jacketed by a container loaded with about 5 tons of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide).When water or steam came in contact with the caustic soda, it would generate heat—enough to actually run the boiler and generate more steam.
In service, some trouble was experienced with transmission shaft joints and with worn cams and rollers. If the valves were set with the engine cold, there appeared to be some distortion under working conditions due to the high temperature of superheated steam which caused deterioration of the valve events.
The third steam raising unit was a relatively conventional locomotive fire tube boiler operating at 250 psi (1.72 MPa) heated by combustion gases from the coal fire. [3] The engine was technically an " ultra-high pressure, semi-compound steam locomotive ".