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The rules of the First World Mind Sports Games, held in Beijing in October 2008, are based on the Chinese rules, but are simpler, and represent a compromise with the Japanese and Korean rules. [49] [50] [51] These rules are sanctioned by the International Go Federation. These rules use area scoring, and have a komi of 6.5.
Go was considered one of the four essential arts of the cultured aristocratic Chinese scholars in antiquity. The earliest written reference to the game is generally recognized as the historical annal Zuo Zhuan [12] [13] (c. 4th century BCE). [14] Despite its relatively simple rules, Go is extremely complex.
Paper and pencil go is a Go variant that can be played with just paper and pencil. [14] Unlike standard Go, games played under these rules are guaranteed to end in a finite number of moves, and no ko rule is needed. Nothing is ever rubbed out. It differs from standard Go in the following ways: Surrounded stones are not captured, but just marked.
Generalized Go is played on n × n boards, and the computational complexity of determining the winner in a given position of generalized Go depends crucially on the ko rules. Go is “almost” in PSPACE, since in normal play, moves are not reversible, and it is only through capture that there is the possibility of the repeating patterns ...
A key concept in the tactics of Go, though not part of the rules, is the classification of groups of stones into alive, dead or unsettled. At the end of the game, groups that cannot avoid being captured during normal play are removed as captures. These stones are dead. Groups can reach this state much earlier during play; a group of stones can ...
a – hoshi; b – tengen; c – go no go; d – san san; e – komoku; f – takamoku; g – ōtakamoku; h – mokuhazushi; i – ōmokuhazushi As the distance of a stone from the edge of the board has important tactical and strategic implications, it is normal to term the corner points of the board (1, 1) points, and count lines in from the edge.
Life and death (死活) is a fundamental concept in the game of Go, where the status of a specific group of stones is determined as either being "alive", where they may remain on the board indefinitely, or "dead", where the group will be "captured" and removed from the board. The basic idea can be summarized by:
There were six gold medals in Go events, within thirty-five gold medals vied for by 2,763 competitors (560 of whom were Go players), from 143 countries. One feature of this Go games is that it was the first time in history an international tournament of professional Go used the Proposed Rules of Go conceived by Toshio Ikeda (1923-1974).