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The TCP segment is then encapsulated into an Internet Protocol (IP) datagram, and exchanged with peers. [ 14 ] The term TCP packet appears in both informal and formal usage, whereas in more precise terminology segment refers to the TCP protocol data unit (PDU), datagram [ 15 ] to the IP PDU, and frame to the data link layer PDU:
The foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet Protocol (IP). Early versions of this networking model were known as the Department of Defense ( DoD ) model because the research and development were funded by the United States Department of Defense through ...
The protocols in use today in this layer for the Internet all originated in the development of TCP/IP. In the OSI model the transport layer is often referred to as Layer 4, or L4, [2] while numbered layers are not used in TCP/IP. The best-known transport protocol of the Internet protocol suite is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model.This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family.Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.
The internet layer is a group of internetworking methods, protocols, and specifications in the Internet protocol suite that are used to transport network packets from the originating host across network boundaries; if necessary, to the destination host specified by an IP address.
The Internet protocol suite is therefore often referred to as TCP/IP. The first major version of IP, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), is the dominant protocol of the Internet. Its successor is Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), which has been in increasing deployment on the public Internet since around 2006. [1]
Protocol stack of the OSI model. The protocol stack or network stack is an implementation of a computer networking protocol suite or protocol family.Some of these terms are used interchangeably but strictly speaking, the suite is the definition of the communication protocols, and the stack is the software implementation of them.
Protocol data units for the Internet protocol suite are: The transport layer PDU is the TCP segment for TCP, and the datagram for UDP; The Internet layer PDU is the packet. The link layer PDU is the frame. On TCP/IP over Ethernet, the data on the physical layer is carried in Ethernet frames.